As the United States Congress goes into recess, we thought we would take a look back on what has been a grueling legislative year thus far.

The year began with closing debates on health care reform, and the March 20th passage of the historic Affordable Care Act, with barely a majority in the House and just enough votes to avoid a filibuster in the Senate.  The highly contentious bill had to go through reconciliation in the Senate for certain House amendments to be included.  No sooner than the bill passed did we see its opponents take up arms and vow to take their fight to the courthouse with nearly two dozen mostly right-leaning states filing lawsuits that aim to repeal the bill.  The ultimate impact of the health care legislation is yet to be recognized, as most of its key provisions will not be enacted until 2014.  And between now and then, one can anticipate a great deal of lobbying as state legislatures work to implement key requirements related to Medicaid, Medicare, and Insurance Exchanges.

With healthcare reform enacted, the Democrats next charge was financial reform, a major part of the party platform during the 2008 presidential candidate.  In spite of what appeared to be a commitment from both parties to reform a financial system that almost brought the world’s economy to a halt during the latter part of 2008, both sides could not reach an agreement on reform and you even had the Democrats face a hard time reaching a consensus within their party.  The financial reform bill that was passed in July will now have to stand up to other tests as financial industry groups and lobbyists work to mitigate the regulatory impact of the legislation to preserve the industry’s ability to maintain profitability.

Coinciding with financial reform, was a growing bipartisan effort to draft a comprehensive energy and environmental bill in the Senate, an effort that all but seemed to come to a halt when national attention shifted to immigration in response to passage of Arizona’s now infamous Senate Bill 1070.  Then April 20, 2010 marked an unprecedented oil drilling disaster, as the Transocean drilling rig operated by British Petroleum in the Gulf of Mexico exploded.   The whole world watched for nearly 100 days until BP was finally able to successfully execute a “top-kill” procedure, which temporarily cause the oil gushing to stop.  The final verdict on this catastrophe might not be reached for years to come.  Declining support for the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, ethics trial of key House Democrats, the fight to lift the Cuban trade embargo, further debate on the Disclose Act, and a potential Supreme Court case on California’s Proposition 8 should suffice in keeping us occupied in the mean time.

Congress heads into this year with a lot of work left to be done.  Furthermore, we have yet to see how the year’s events will impact the outcome of the 2010 fall elections.  Earlier in the year, it appeared that Republicans were going to hang their hope of reclaiming congressional seats on the public debate on healthcare, while Democrats hopes relied on painting Republicans as “the party of NO”.  However, as the events of the year have unfolded it is unclear what the strategy on either side will end up being.  Republicans have gone from hoping for gains in the House, to believing they have an opportunity to reclaim both chambers of Congress.  On the other side of the table are the Democrats who believe passage of financial reform and the debate on immigration might be just the right combination to help energize their base and keep them in power for at least two more years (It, however, did not help that the President’s Press Secretary Robert Gibbs appeared on Meet The Press and proclaimed that Democrats were at risk of losing both the House and Senate).  Mainstream Republicans have struggled this year as we have watched experienced legislators like Utah’s Senator Bob Bennett lose his party primary, and veterans like John McCain have to run to the hard right to retain their seats.  Then there are the fights in Colorado and Florida where the Tea Party effect might have been just the poison pill that diminishes any chance of Republicans being reelected to the Governor and US Senate seats in those states respectively.

Upon Congress’ return from recess, they will be faced with decisions on what do regarding immigration, a comprehensive energy policy, an uncertain economic climate, above nine percent unemployment, mounting resentment on the Afghanistan war, and continually rising debt.   All said, this year’s fall elections bear no resemblance to the historic 2008 fall elections, however, with so much on the table your guess is just as good as mine on what the outcome is going to be.

Over a month has passed since the initial explosion that claimed the lives of 11 British Petroleum workers, and created possibly the single greatest disaster in the history of oil exploration.  The initial response of the companies involved was to placate the citizenry by assuring that the damage and impact would be minimal, estimating that about 1,000 barrels a day is what was spewing into the gulf.  However, a month later, it has become clear that the initial estimate missed the mark by an order of the magnitude of 40.  Then there was the blame game as BP, Transocean, and Halliburton sought to deflect responsibility from what could potentially be a huge long-term liability.

Early in the wake of the disaster, several industry experts asserted that controlling the crisis would rely primarily on BP’s, who has led the efforts, ability to determine the best method by which to plug the hole.  Efforts to control the spill have been unsuccessful up until this point, despite varied attempts at utilizing a multitude of techniques to curb the spill.  The lack of progress has led to increased frustration and calls for President Obama and the administration to take over the efforts to control the spill. The administration, however, has taken no formal position on whether or not they intend to take control of the situation with the spill.  Last week Interior Secretary Ken Salazar went as far as saying that BP had to either control the situation or prepare to get out of the way, but he has since had to backtrack from his earlier statements.

The growing calls for the federal government to take charge are now being uttered by several lawmakers including Ben Nelson (D) of Florida, who think that the oversight of the response and cleanup can be handled by the military.  The question as to whether or not the administration ought to take over is one that most people are split over, and the response depends in large part on who you talk to.  Residents of the gulf coast boiled over with frustration are urging that the administration needs to step in and take over the process, as do a host of legislators including members of the President’s party.  Industry experts and observers, however, continue to insist that the only option is to let BP continue with its ongoing efforts in hopes that it comes up with a solution.

Neutral observers like myself are more inclined to believe that the best path forward is to let BP continue to spear head the efforts.  It is no secret that the US government has no expertise in oil exploration, and as a result is not equipped with the technology, knowledge, or tools that it takes to operate an oil rig, much less contain a catastrophe such as this.  The administration’s main focus going forward has to be on monitoring the effort to control the spill, ensuring that the affected areas receive the appropriate assistance, and that the accountable parties own up to their social and financial responsibilities.  Most importantly, the administration needs to step in and give the public a sense that they are taking charge of the situation, and will protect the public’s interest.